Part I
General Provisions

22VAC40-72-10. Definitions.

The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

"Activities of daily living (ADLs)" means bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, bowel control, bladder control and eating/feeding. A person's degree of independence in performing these activities is a part of determining appropriate level of care and services.

"Administer medication" means to open a container of medicine or to remove the ordered dosage and to give it to the resident for whom it is ordered.

"Administrator" means the licensee or a person designated by the licensee who is responsible for the general administration and management of an assisted living facility and who oversees the day-to-day operation of the facility, including compliance with all regulations for licensed assisted living facilities.

"Advance directive" means, as defined in § 54.1-2982 of the Code of Virginia, (i) a witnessed written document, voluntarily executed by the declarant in accordance with the requirements of § 54.1-2983 of the Code of Virginia or (ii) a witnessed oral statement, made by the declarant subsequent to the time he is diagnosed as suffering from a terminal condition and in accordance with the provisions of § 54.1-2983 of the Code of Virginia. The individual or his legal representative can rescind the document at any time.

"Ambulatory" means the condition of a resident who is physically and mentally capable of self-preservation by evacuating in response to an emergency to a refuge area as defined by 13VAC5-63, the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code, without the assistance of another person, or from the structure itself without the assistance of another person if there is no such refuge area within the structure, even if such resident may require the assistance of a wheelchair, walker, cane, prosthetic device, or a single verbal command to evacuate.

"Assisted living care" means a level of service provided by an assisted living facility for adults who may have physical or mental impairments and require at least moderate assistance with the activities of daily living. Included in this level of service are individuals who are dependent in behavior pattern (i.e., abusive, aggressive, disruptive) as documented on the uniform assessment instrument.

"Assisted living facility" means, as defined in § 63.2-100 of the Code of Virginia, any congregate residential setting that provides or coordinates personal and health care services, 24-hour supervision, and assistance (scheduled and unscheduled) for the maintenance or care of four or more adults who are aged, infirm or disabled and who are cared for in a primarily residential setting, except (i) a facility or portion of a facility licensed by the State Board of Health or the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, but including any portion of such facility not so licensed; (ii) the home or residence of an individual who cares for or maintains only persons related to him by blood or marriage; (iii) a facility or portion of a facility serving infirm or disabled persons between the ages of 18 and 21, or 22 if enrolled in an educational program for the handicapped pursuant to § 22.1-214 of the Code of Virginia, when such facility is licensed by the department as a children's residential facility under Chapter 17 (§ 63.2-1700 et seq.) of Title 63.2 of the Code of Virginia, but including any portion of the facility not so licensed; and (iv) any housing project for persons 62 years of age or older or the disabled that provides no more than basic coordination of care services and is funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or by the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Included in this definition are any two or more places, establishments or institutions owned or operated by a single entity and providing maintenance or care to a combined total of four or more aged, infirm or disabled adults. Maintenance or care means the protection, general supervision and oversight of the physical and mental well-being of an aged, infirm or disabled individual.

Assuming responsibility for the well-being of residents, either directly or through contracted agents, is considered "general supervision and oversight."

"Behavioral health authority" means the organization, appointed by and accountable to the governing body of the city or county that established it, that provides mental health, mental retardation, and substance abuse services through its own staff or through contracts with other organizations and providers.

"Building" means a structure with exterior walls under one roof.

"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)" means an emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac massage and artificial respiration; the first treatment for a person who has collapsed and has no pulse and has stopped breathing; and attempts to restore circulation of the blood and prevent death or brain damage due to lack of oxygen.

"Case management" means multiple functions designed to link clients to appropriate services. Case management may include a variety of common components such as initial screening of needs, comprehensive assessment of needs, development and implementation of a plan of care, service monitoring, and client follow-up.

"Case manager" means an employee of a public human services agency who is qualified and designated to develop and coordinate plans of care.

"Chemical restraint" means a psychopharmacologic drug that is used for discipline or convenience and not required to treat the resident's medical symptoms or symptoms from mental illness or mental retardation, that prohibits an individual from reaching his highest level of functioning.

"Commissioner" means the commissioner of the department, his designee or authorized representative.

"Community services board" or "CSB" means a citizens' board established pursuant to § 37.2-501 of the Code of Virginia that provides mental health, mental retardation and substance abuse programs and services within the political subdivision or political subdivisions participating on the board.

"Conservator" means a person appointed by the court who is responsible for managing the estate and financial affairs of an incapacitated person and, where the context plainly indicates, includes a "limited conservator" or a "temporary conservator." The term includes a local or regional program designated by the Department for the Aging as a public conservator pursuant to Article 2 (§ 2.2-711 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 2.2 of the Code of Virginia.

"Continuous licensed nursing care" means around-the-clock observation, assessment, monitoring, supervision, or provision of medical treatments provided by a licensed nurse. Residents requiring continuous licensed nursing care may include:

1. Individuals who have a medical instability due to complexities created by multiple, interrelated medical conditions; or

2. Individuals with a health care condition with a high potential for medical instability.

"Department" means the State Department of Social Services.

"Department's representative" means an employee or designee of the State Department of Social Services, acting as an authorized agent of the Commissioner of Social Services.

"Dietary supplement" means a product intended for ingestion that supplements the diet, is labeled as a dietary supplement, is not represented as a sole item of a meal or diet, and contains a dietary ingredient(s), i.e., vitamins, minerals, amino acid, herbs or other botanicals, dietary substances (such as enzymes), and concentrates, metabolites, constituents, extracts, or combinations of the preceding types of ingredients. Dietary supplements may be found in many forms, such as tablets, capsules, liquids, or bars.

"Direct care staff" means supervisors, assistants, aides, or other employees of a facility who assist residents in the performance of personal care or daily living activities. Examples are likely to include nursing staff, activity staff, geriatric or personal care assistants, medication aides, and mental health workers but are not likely to include waiters, chauffeurs, cooks, and dedicated housekeeping, maintenance and laundry personnel.

"Discharge" means the movement of a resident out of the assisted living facility.

"Emergency" means, as it applies to restraints, a situation that may require the use of a restraint where the resident's behavior is unmanageable to the degree an immediate and serious danger is presented to the health and safety of the resident or others.

"Emergency placement" means the temporary status of an individual in an assisted living facility when the person's health and safety would be jeopardized by denying entry into the facility until the requirements for admission have been met.

"Good character and reputation" means findings have been established and knowledgeable, reasonable, and objective people agree that the individual (i) maintains business or professional, family, and community relationships that are characterized by honesty, fairness, truthfulness, and dependability; and (ii) has a history and pattern of behavior that demonstrates the individual is suitable and able to administer a program for the care, supervision, and protection of adults. Relatives by blood or marriage and persons who are not knowledgeable of the individual, such as recent acquaintances, may not act as references.

"Guardian" means a person who has been legally invested with the authority and charged with the duty of taking care of the person, managing his property and protecting the rights of the person who has been declared by the circuit court to be incapacitated and incapable of administering his own affairs. The powers and duties of the guardian are defined by the court and are limited to matters within the areas where the person in need of a guardian has been determined to be incapacitated.

"Habilitative service" means activities to advance a normal sequence of motor skills, movement, and self-care abilities or to prevent avoidable additional deformity or dysfunction.

"Health care provider" means a person, corporation, facility or institution licensed by this Commonwealth to provide health care or professional services such as a physician or hospital, dentist, pharmacist, registered or licensed practical nurse, optometrist, podiatrist, chiropractor, physical therapist, physical therapy assistant, clinical psychologist, or health maintenance organization. This list is not all inclusive.

"Household member" means any person domiciled in an assisted living facility other than residents or staff.

"Imminent physical threat or danger" means clear and present risk of sustaining or inflicting serious or life threatening injuries.

"Independent clinical psychologist" means a clinical psychologist who is chosen by the resident of the assisted living facility and who has no financial interest in the assisted living facility, directly or indirectly, as an owner, officer or employee or as an independent contractor with the facility.

"Independent living environment" means one in which the resident or residents perform all activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living for themselves without requiring the assistance of another person and take medication without requiring the assistance of another person.

"Independent living status" means that the resident is assessed as capable of performing all activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living for himself without requiring the assistance of another person and is assessed as capable of taking medications without the assistance of another person. (If the policy of a facility dictates that medications are administered or distributed centrally without regard for the residents' capacity, this policy shall not be considered in determining independent status.)

"Independent physician" means a physician who is chosen by the resident of the assisted living facility and who has no financial interest in the assisted living facility, directly or indirectly, as an owner, officer, or employee or as an independent contractor with the facility.

"Individualized service plan (ISP)" means the written description of actions to be taken by the licensee, including coordination with other services providers, to meet the assessed needs of the resident.

"Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)" means meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, and managing money. A person's degree of independence in performing these activities is a part of determining appropriate level of care and services.

"Intermittent intravenous therapy" means therapy provided by a licensed health care professional at medically predictable intervals for a limited period of time on a daily or periodic basis.

"Legal representative" means a person legally responsible for representing or standing in the place of the resident for the conduct of his affairs. This may include a guardian, conservator, attorney-in-fact under durable power of attorney, trustee, or other person expressly named by a court of competent jurisdiction or the resident as his agent in a legal document that specifies the scope of the representative's authority to act. A legal representative may only represent or stand in the place of a resident for the function or functions for which he has legal authority to act.

A resident is presumed competent and is responsible for making all health care, personal care, financial, and other personal decisions that affect his life unless a representative with legal authority has been appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction or has been appointed by the resident in a properly executed and signed document. A resident may have different legal representatives for different functions.

For any given standard, the term legal representative applies solely to the legal representative with the authority to act in regard to the function or functions relevant to that particular standard.

"Licensed health care professional" means any health care professional currently licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to practice within the scope of his profession, such as a nurse practitioner, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, (nurses may be licensed or hold multistate licensure pursuant to § 54.1-3000 of the Code of Virginia), clinical social worker, dentist, occupational therapist, pharmacist, physical therapist, physician, physician assistant, psychologist, and speech-language pathologist.

Responsibilities of physicians referenced in this chapter may be implemented by nurse practitioners or physician assistants in accordance with their protocols or practice agreements with their supervising physicians and in accordance with the law.

"Licensee" means any person, association, partnership, corporation, company or public agency to whom the license is issued.

"Manager" means a designated person who serves as a manager pursuant to 22VAC40-72-220 and 22VAC40-72-230.

"Mandated reporter" means the following persons acting in their professional capacity who have reason to suspect abuse, neglect or exploitation of an adult:

1. Any person licensed, certified, or registered by health regulatory boards listed in § 54.1-2503 of the Code of Virginia, with the exception of persons licensed by the Board of Veterinary Medicine;

2. Any mental health services provider as defined in § 54.1-2400.1 of the Code of Virginia;

3. Any emergency medical services personnel certified by the Board of Health pursuant to § 32.1-111.5 of the Code of Virginia;

4. Any guardian or conservator of an adult;

5. Any person employed by or contracted with a public or private agency or facility and working with adults in an administrative, supportive or direct care capacity;

6. Any person providing full, intermittent or occasional care to an adult for compensation, including but not limited to companion, chore, homemaker, and personal care workers; and

7. Any law-enforcement officer.

This is pursuant to § 63.2-1606 of the Code of Virginia.

"Maximum physical assistance" means that an individual has a rating of total dependence in four or more of the seven activities of daily living as documented on the uniform assessment instrument.

An individual who can participate in any way with performance of the activity is not considered to be totally dependent.

"Medication aide" means a staff person who has current registration with the Virginia Board of Nursing to administer drugs that would otherwise be self-administered to residents in an assisted living facility in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Registration of Medication Aides (18VAC90-60).  This definition also includes a staff person who is an applicant for registration as a medication aide as provided in 22VAC40-72-660.

"Mental impairment" means a disability that reduces an individual's ability to reason logically, make appropriate decisions, or engage in purposeful behavior.

"Mental illness" means a disorder of thought, mood, emotion, perception, or orientation that significantly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to address basic life necessities and requires care and treatment for the health, safety, or recovery of the individual or for the safety of others.

"Mental retardation" means disability, originating before the age of 18 years, characterized concurrently by (i) significantly subaverage intellectual functioning as demonstrated by performance on a standardized measure of intellectual functioning, administered in conformity with accepted professional practice, that is at least two standard deviations below the mean and (ii) significant limitations in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.

"Minimal assistance" means dependency in only one activity of daily living or dependency in one or more of the instrumental activities of daily living as documented on the uniform assessment instrument.

"Moderate assistance" means dependency in two or more of the activities of daily living as documented on the uniform assessment instrument.

"Nonambulatory" means the condition of a resident who by reason of physical or mental impairment is not capable of self-preservation without the assistance of another person.

"Nonemergency" means, as it applies to restraints, circumstances that may require the use of a restraint for the purpose of providing support to a physically weakened resident.

"Physical impairment" means a condition of a bodily or sensory nature that reduces an individual's ability to function or to perform activities.

"Physical restraint" means any manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment attached or adjacent to the resident's body that the resident cannot remove easily, which restricts freedom of movement or access to his body.

"Physician" means an individual licensed to practice medicine or osteopathic medicine in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia.

"Prescriber" means a practitioner who is authorized pursuant to §§ 54.1-3303 and 54.1-3408 of the Code of Virginia to issue a prescription.

"Private pay" means that a resident of an assisted living facility is not eligible for benefits under the Auxiliary Grants Program.

"Psychopharmacologic drug" means any drug prescribed or administered with the intent of controlling mood, mental status or behavior. Psychopharmacologic drugs include not only the obvious drug classes, such as antipsychotic, antidepressants, and the antianxiety/hypnotic class, but any drug that is prescribed or administered with the intent of controlling mood, mental status, or behavior, regardless of the manner in which it is marketed by the manufacturers and regardless of labeling or other approvals by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

"Public pay" means that a resident of an assisted living facility is eligible for benefits under the Auxiliary Grants Program.

"Qualified" means having appropriate training and experience commensurate with assigned responsibilities; or if referring to a professional, possessing an appropriate degree or having documented equivalent education, training or experience. There are specific definitions for "qualified assessor" and "qualified mental health professional" below.

"Qualified assessor" means an individual who is authorized to perform an assessment, reassessment, or change in level of care for an applicant to or resident of an assisted living facility. For public pay individuals, a qualified assessor is an employee of a public human services agency trained in the completion of the uniform assessment instrument (UAI). For private pay individuals, a qualified assessor is an employee of the assisted living facility trained in the completion of the UAI or an independent private physician or a qualified assessor for public pay individuals.

"Qualified mental health professional" means a behavioral health professional who is trained and experienced in providing psychiatric or mental health services to individuals who have a psychiatric diagnosis, including and limited to (i) a physician licensed in Virginia; (ii) a psychologist: an individual with a master's degree in psychology from a college or university accredited by an association recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education, with at least one year of clinical experience; (iii) a social worker: an individual with at least a master's degree in human services or related field (social work, psychology, psychiatric rehabilitation, sociology, counseling, vocational rehabilitation, or human services counseling) from a college or university accredited by an association recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education, with at least one year of clinical experience providing direct services to persons with a diagnosis of mental illness; (iv) a Registered Psychiatric Rehabilitation Provider (RPRP) registered with the International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services (IAPSRS); (v) a clinical nurse specialist or psychiatric nurse practitioner licensed in the Commonwealth of Virginia with at least one year of clinical experience working in a mental health treatment facility or agency; (vi) any other licensed mental health professional; or (viii) any other person deemed by the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services as having qualifications equivalent to those described in this definition. Any unlicensed person who meets the requirements contained in this definition shall either be under the supervision of a licensed mental health professional or employed by an agency or organization licensed by the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services.

"Rehabilitative services" means activities that are ordered by a physician or other qualified health care professional that are provided by a rehabilitative therapist (physical therapist, occupational therapist or speech-language pathologist). These activities may be necessary when a resident has demonstrated a change in his capabilities and are provided to restore or improve his level of functioning.

"Resident" means any adult residing in an assisted living facility for the purpose of receiving maintenance or care.

"Residential living care" means a level of service provided by an assisted living facility for adults who may have physical or mental impairments and require only minimal assistance with the activities of daily living. Included in this level of service are individuals who are dependent in medication administration as documented on the uniform assessment instrument. This definition includes the services provided by the facility to individuals who are assessed as capable of maintaining themselves in an independent living status.

"Respite care" means services provided for maintenance and care of aged, infirm or disabled adults for temporary periods of time, regularly or intermittently. Facilities offering this type of care are subject to this chapter.

"Restorative care" means activities designed to assist the resident in reaching or maintaining his level of potential. These activities are not required to be provided by a rehabilitative therapist and may include activities such as range of motion, assistance with ambulation, positioning, assistance and instruction in the activities of daily living, psychosocial skills training, and reorientation and reality orientation.

"Safe, secure environment" means a self-contained special care unit for individuals with serious cognitive impairments due to a primary psychiatric diagnosis of dementia who cannot recognize danger or protect their own safety and welfare. Means of egress that lead to unprotected areas must be monitored or secured through devices that conform to applicable building and fire safety standards, including but not limited to door alarms, cameras, constant staff oversight, security bracelets that are part of an alarm system, pressure pads at doorways, delayed egress mechanisms, locking devices or perimeter fence gates. There may be one or more self-contained special care units in a facility or the whole facility may be a special care unit. Nothing in this definition limits or contravenes the privacy protections set forth in § 63.2-1808 of the Code of Virginia.

"Sanitizing" means treating in such a way to remove bacteria and viruses through using a disinfectant solution (e.g., bleach solution or commercial chemical disinfectant) or physical agent (e.g., heat).

"Serious cognitive impairment" means severe deficit in mental capability of a chronic, enduring or long-term nature that affects areas such as thought processes, problem-solving, judgment, memory, and comprehension and that interferes with such things as reality orientation, ability to care for self, ability to recognize danger to self or others, and impulse control. Such cognitive impairment is not due to acute or episodic conditions, nor conditions arising from treatable metabolic or chemical imbalances or caused by reactions to medication or toxic substances.

"Significant change" means a change in a resident's condition that is expected to last longer than 30 days. It does not include short-term changes that resolve with or without intervention, a short-term acute illness or episodic event, or a well-established, predictive, cyclic pattern of clinical signs and symptoms associated with a previously diagnosed condition where an appropriate course of treatment is in progress.

"Skilled nursing treatment" means a service ordered by a physician or other prescriber that is provided by and within the scope and practice of a licensed nurse.

"Skills training" means systematic skill building through curriculum-based psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioral interventions. These interventions break down complex objectives for role performance into simpler components, including basic cognitive skills such as attention, to facilitate learning and competency.

"Staff" or "staff person" means personnel working at a facility who are compensated or have a financial interest in the facility, regardless of role, service, age, function or duration of employment at the facility. Staff or staff person also includes those individuals hired through a contract to provide services for the facility.

"Substance abuse" means the use, without compelling medical reason, of alcohol or other legal or illegal drugs that results in psychological or physiological dependency or danger to self or others as a function of continued use in such a manner as to induce mental, emotional or physical impairment and cause socially dysfunctional or socially disordering behavior.

"Systems review" means a physical examination of the body to determine if the person is experiencing problems or distress, including cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, urinary system, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, sensory system and the skin.

"Transfer" means movement of a resident to a different assigned living area within the same licensed facility.

"Uniform assessment instrument (UAI)" means the department designated assessment form. There is an alternate version of the form that may be used for private pay residents. Social and financial information that is not relevant because of the resident's payment status is not included on the private pay version of the form.

Part III
Personnel

22VAC40-72-160. Personnel policies and procedures.

A. The facility shall develop and keep current a written job description for each position in the facility. The job description shall include:

1. Job title;

2. Duties and responsibilities required of the position;

3. Job title of the immediate supervisor; and

4. Minimum knowledge, skills and abilities, experience, or educational or professional qualifications required for entry level.

B. Each staff person shall be given a copy of his current job description and of the facility's current organizational chart.

C. The facility shall develop and implement procedures for verifying current professional licensing, registration, provisional status of medication aides, or certification and training of staff.

D. The facility shall develop and implement procedures for annually evaluating staff performance.

E. Individual training needs and plans shall be a part of the performance evaluation.

22VAC40-72-210. Administrator training.

A. For facilities licensed for residential living care only, the administrator shall attend at least 20 hours of training related to management or operation of a residential facility for adults or relevant to the population in care within 12 months from the date of employment and annually thereafter from that date. When adults with mental impairments reside in the facility, at least five of the required 20 hours of training shall focus on topics related to residents' mental impairments. Documentation of attendance shall be retained at the facility and shall include title of course, name of the entity that provided the training, date and number of hours.

EXCEPTION: If the administrator is licensed as an assisted living facility administrator or nursing home administrator by the Virginia Board of Long-Term Care Administrators, subsection B of this section applies rather than subsection A of this section.

B. For facilities licensed for both residential and assisted living care, the administrator shall meet the continuing education requirements for licensure as an assisted living facility or nursing home administrator, whichever is applicable.

C. Any administrator who has not previously undergone the training specified in 22VAC40-72-50 D shall be required to complete that training within two months of employment as administrator of the facility. The training may be counted toward the annual training requirement for the first year, except that for licensed administrators, whether the training counts toward continuing education and for what period of time depends upon the administrator licensure requirements.

EXCEPTION: Administrators employed prior to December 28, 2006, are not required to complete this training.

D. If medication is administered to residents by medication aides as allowed in 22VAC40-72-660 1 b and 2, the administrator shall successfully complete a training program approved by the Virginia Board of Nursing for the registration of medication aides. The training program for administrators who supervise medication aides, but are not registered medication aides themselves, must include a minimum of 68 hours of student instruction and training, but need not include the prerequisite for the program or the written examination for registration. The training shall be completed within four months of employment as an administrator and may be counted toward the annual training requirement for the first year, except that for licensed administrators, whether the training counts toward continuing education and for what period of time depends upon the administrator licensure requirements. The following exceptions apply:

1. The administrator is licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to administer medications; or

2. Medication aides are supervised by an individual employed full time at the facility who is licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to administer medications.

22VAC40-72-660. Qualifications and supervision of staff administering medications.

When staff administers medications to residents, the following standards shall apply:

1. Each staff person who administers medication shall be authorized by § 54.1-3408 of the Virginia Drug Control Act. All staff responsible for medication administration shall:

a. Be licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to administer medications; or

b. Be registered with the Virginia Board of Nursing as a medication aide, except as specified in subdivision 2 of this section.

2.   Any applicant for registration as a medication aide who has provided to the Virginia Board of Nursing evidence of successful completion of the education or training course required for registration may act as a medication aide on a provisional basis for no more than 120 days before successfully completing any required competency evaluation.  However, upon notification of failure to successfully complete the written examination after three attempts, an applicant shall immediately cease acting as a medication aide.

2. 3. Medication aides shall be supervised by:

a. An individual employed full time at the facility who is licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to administer medications;

b. The administrator who is licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to administer medications or who has successfully completed a training program approved by the Virginia Board of Nursing for the registration of medication aides. The training program for administrators who supervise medication aides, but are not registered medication aides themselves, must include a minimum of 68 hours of student instruction and training, but need not include the prerequisite for the program or the written examination for registration; or

c. For facilities licensed for residential living care only, the designated assistant administrator, as specified in 22VAC40-72-201 D, who is licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to administer medications or who has successfully completed a training program approved by the Virginia Board of Nursing for the registration of medication aides. The training program for designated assistant administrators who supervise medication aides, but are not registered medication aides themselves, must include a minimum of 68 hours of student instruction and training, but need not include the prerequisite for the program or the written examination for registration.

22VAC40-72-670. Administration of medications and related provisions.

A. Staff who are licensed, or registered , or acting as a medication aide on a provisional basis as specified in 22VAC40-72-660 shall administer drugs to those residents who are dependent in medication administration as documented on the UAI.

B. All medications shall be removed from the pharmacy container by a staff person licensed, or registered , or acting as a medication aide on a provisional basis as specified in 22VAC40-72-660 and administered by the same staff person not earlier than one hour before and not later than one hour after the facility's standard dosing schedules, except those drugs that are ordered for specific times, such as before, after or with meals. Pre-pouring for later administration is not permitted.

C. All medications shall be administered in accordance with the physician's or other prescriber's instructions and consistent with the standards of practice outlined in the current registered medication aide curriculum approved by the Virginia Board of Nursing.

D. All medications shall remain in the pharmacy issued container, with the legible prescription label or direction label attached, until administered.

E. Sample medications shall remain in the original packaging, labeled by a physician or other prescriber or pharmacist with the resident's name, the name of the medication, the strength, dosage, route and frequency of administration, until administered.

F. Over-the-counter medication shall remain in the original container, labeled with the resident's name, or in a pharmacy-issued container, until administered.

G. In the event of an adverse drug reaction or a medication error:

1. First aid shall be administered as directed by a physician, pharmacist or the Virginia Poison Control Center.

2. The resident's physician of record shall be notified as soon as possible.

3. The direct care staff person shall document actions taken in the resident's record.

H. The facility shall document on a medication administration record (MAR) all medications administered to residents, including over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements. The MAR shall include:

1. Name of the resident;

2. Date prescribed;

3. Drug product name;

4. Strength of the drug;

5. Dosage;

6. Diagnosis, condition, or specific indications for administering the drug or supplement;

7. Route (for example, by mouth);

8. How often medication is to be taken;

9. Date and time given and initials of direct care staff administering the medication;

10. Dates the medication is discontinued or changed;

11. Any medication errors or omissions;

12. Description of significant adverse effects suffered by the resident;

13. For PRN medications:

a. Symptoms for which medication was given;

b. Exact dosage given; and

c. Effectiveness; and

14. The name, signature and initials of all staff administering medications.

I. The performance of all medical procedures and treatments ordered by a physician or other prescriber shall be documented and the documentation shall be retained in the resident's record.

J. The use of PRN (as needed) medications is prohibited, unless one or more of the following conditions exist:

1. The resident is capable of determining when the medication is needed;

2. Licensed health care professionals are responsible for medication administration and management; or

3. The facility has obtained from the resident's physician or other prescriber detailed written instructions or a staff person as allowed in 22VAC40-72-640 D has telephoned the physician or other prescriber prior to administering the medication, explained the symptoms and received a documented oral order to assist the resident in self-administration. The physician's or other prescriber's instructions shall include symptoms that might indicate the use of the medication, exact dosage, the exact time frames the medication is to be given in a 24-hour period, and directions as to what to do if symptoms persist.

K. Medications ordered for PRN administration shall be available, properly labeled for the specific resident and properly stored at the facility.

L. Stat-drug boxes may only be used when the following conditions are met:

1. There is an order from the prescriber for any drug removed from the stat-drug box; and

2. The drug is removed from the stat-drug box and administered by a nurse, pharmacist or prescriber licensed to administer medications.

A stat-drug box may be prepared by a pharmacy prior to the receipt of ordered drugs from the pharmacy. Stat-drug boxes are subject to the conditions specified in 18VAC110-20-550 of the Virginia Board of Pharmacy.