A. The affected facilities in petroleum refineries to which the provisions of this article apply are: each petroleum catalytic cracking unit, each petroleum refinery component, each vacuum producing system, each wastewater separator, and each process unit turnaround.

B. The provisions of this article apply throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia.

A. For the purpose of these regulations and subsequent amendments or any orders issued by the board, the words or terms shall have the meanings given them in subsection C of this section.

B. As used in this article, all terms not defined here shall have the meanings given them in 9VAC5 Chapter 10 (9VAC5-10-10 et seq.), unless otherwise required by context.

C. Terms defined.

"Condensate" means a hydrocarbon liquid separated from natural gas which condenses due to changes in the temperature or pressure or both and remains liquid at standard conditions.

"Crude oil" means a naturally occurring mixture which consists of any combination of hydrocarbons, sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons and which is a liquid at standard conditions.

"Firebox" means the chamber or compartment of a boiler or furnace in which materials are burned, but does not mean the combustion chamber of an incinerator.

"Gasoline" means any petroleum distillate having a Reid vapor pressure of four pounds per square inch or greater.

"Hot well" means the reservoir of a condensing unit receiving the warm condensate from the condenser.

"Petroleum liquids" means crude oil, condensate, and any finished or intermediate products manufactured or extracted in a petroleum refinery.

"Petroleum refinery" means any facility engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants or other products through distillation of petroleum or through redistillation, cracking, rearrangement or reforming of unfinished petroleum derivatives.

"Petroleum refinery component" means any petroleum refinery component that could potentially leak volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere. Such components include, but are not limited to, pump seals, compressor seals, seal oil degassing vents, pipeline valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices process drains and open ended pipes.

"Refinery fuel gas" means any gas which is generated by a petroleum refinery process unit and which is combusted, including any gaseous mixture of natural gas and fuel gas.

"Turnaround" means the procedure of shutting a refinery unit down after a run to do necessary maintenance and repair work and putting the unit back on stream.

"Vacuum producing system" means any reciprocating, rotary or centrifugal blower or compressor, or any jet ejector or device that takes suction from a pressure below atmospheric and discharges against atmospheric pressure.

"Wastewater separator" means any single or multiple compartment equipment which is designed to physically separate and remove any volatile organic compound floating on or entrained or contained in water entering such equipment from such water prior to outfall, drainage or recovery of such water.

No owner or other person shall cause or permit to be discharged into the atmosphere from any petroleum catalytic cracking unit any particulate emissions in excess of 0.05% of the rate of catalyst recirculation within the unit.

No owner or other person shall cause or permit to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility any sulfur dioxide emissions in excess of an in-stack concentration of 2,000 ppm by volume.

No owner or other person shall cause or permit to be discharged into the atmosphere from any refinery process gas stream any hydrogen sulfide emissions in excess of a concentration of 15 grains per 100 cubic feet of gas without burning or removing H₂S in excess of this concentration, provided that sulfur dioxide emissions in the burning operation meet the requirements of 9VAC5-40-1370.

A. Vacuum producing systems.

1. No owner or other person shall use or permit the use of a vacuum producing system unless such system is equipped with a vapor control system that will remove, destroy or prevent the discharge into the atmosphere of at least 95% by weight of volatile organic compound emissions.

2. Achievement of the emission standard in subdivision A 1 of this section by use of methods in 9VAC5-40-1400 A will be acceptable to the board.

B. Wastewater separators.

1. No owner or other person shall use or permit the use of any wastewater separator unless such separator is equipped with a vapor control system that will remove, destroy or prevent the discharge into the atmosphere of at least 95% by weight of volatile organic compound emissions.

2. Achievement of the emission standard in subdivision B 1 of this section by use of methods in 9VAC5-40-1400 B will be acceptable to the board.

C. Process unit turnarounds.

1. No owner or other person shall conduct or permit the conduct of a process unit turnaround unless such unit is equipped with a vapor control system that will remove, destroy or prevent the discharge into the atmosphere of at least 95% by weight of volatile organic compound emissions.

2. Achievement of the emission standard in subdivision C 1 of this section by use of methods in 9VAC5-40-1400 C will be acceptable to the board.

D. The provisions of this section apply only to sources of volatile organic compounds in volatile organic compound emissions control areas designated in 9VAC5-20-206.

E. The provisions of this section do not apply to sources using petroleum liquids with a vapor pressure less than 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute under actual storage conditions or, in the case of loading or processing, under actual loading or processing conditions. (Kerosene and fuel oil used for household heating have vapor pressures of less than 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute under actual storage conditions; therefore, kerosene and fuel oil are not subject to the provisions of this section when used or stored at ambient temperatures).

A. Vacuum producing system. The control system should either vent noncondensable vapors to a firebox, incinerator or compress the vapors and add them to the refinery fuel gas. The associated hot wells should be covered and equipped with a vapor control system that incinerates the vapors.

B. Wastewater separators. The control system should consist of one of the following:

1. A solid cover with all openings sealed and totally enclosing the liquid contents of that compartment;

2. A floating pontoon or double-deck type cover, equipped with closure seals to enclose any space between the cover's edge and compartment wall; or

3. Any system of equal or greater control efficiency to the system in subsection B 1 or 2 of this section, provided such system is approved by the board.

C. Process unit turnaround. The units should be depressurized to a flare, fuel gas system or to some other combustion device before being opened for inspection or maintenance. Such units should be depressurized to five psi or below before venting to the atmosphere.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Visible Emissions and Fugitive Dust/Emissions, Rule 4-1) apply.

A. The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Visible Emissions and Fugitive Dust/Emissions, Rule 4-1) apply.

B. For petroleum refineries located in volatile organic compound emission control areas designated in 9VAC5-20-206, the following requirements apply:

1. When any petroleum refinery component within the refinery complex is found to be leaking, the owner shall make every reasonable effort to repair the leak within 15 days. A leaking component is defined as one which has a volatile organic compound concentration exceeding 10,000 parts per million (ppm) when testing using procedures acceptable to the board.

2. Compliance with the above emission standard shall be determined based upon monitoring, records and reporting conducted by the owner using procedures acceptable to the board.

3. Any time a valve is located at the end of a pipe or line containing volatile organic compounds, the end of the line shall be sealed with a second valve, a blind flange, a plug or a cap. This sealing device may be removed only when the line is in use (i.e., when a sample is being taken). This requirement does not apply to safety pressure relief valves.

The provisions of Article 2 (9VAC5-40-130 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Odor, Rule 4-2) apply.

The provisions of Article 3 (9VAC5-40-160 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Toxic Pollutants, Rule 4-3) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-20 (Compliance) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-30 (Emission Testing) apply.

A. The provisions of 9VAC5-40-40 (Monitoring) apply.

B. Unless otherwise approved by the board, owners of process units specified in subsection C of this section shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate systems for continuously monitoring and recording specified emissions in accordance with 9VAC5-40-40 and 9VAC5-40-41.

C. Catalyst regenerators for fluid bed catalytic cracking units of greater than 20,000 barrels per day fresh feed capacity at petroleum refineries shall be monitored for opacity.

D. The continuous monitoring system shall be spanned at 60, 70 or 80% opacity.

A. The provisions of 9VAC5-40-50 (Notification, Records and Reporting) apply.

B. For the purpose of reports required under 9VAC5-40-50 C, periods of excess emissions that shall be reported are defined as any one-hour period during which there are two or more six-minute periods when the average opacity exceeds 20%.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-160 (Registration) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-180 (Facility and Control Equipment Maintenance or Malfunction) apply.

A permit may be required prior to beginning any of the activities specified below and the provisions of 9VAC5 Chapter 50 (9VAC5-50-10 et seq.) and 9VAC5 Chapter 80 (9VAC5-80-10 et seq.) may apply. Owners contemplating such action should contact the appropriate regional office for guidance.

1. Construction of a facility.

2. Reconstruction (replacement of more than half) of a facility.

3. Modification (any physical change to equipment) of a facility.

4. Relocation of a facility.

5. Reactivation (restart-up) of a facility.

A. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, the affected facility to which the provisions of this article apply is each large appliance coating application system.

B. The provisions of this article apply only to sources of volatile organic compounds in volatile organic compound emissions control areas designated in 9VAC5-20-206.

C. The provisions of this article do not apply to coating application systems used exclusively for determination of product quality and commercial acceptance provided:

1. The operation is not an integral part of the production process;

2. The emissions from all product quality coating application systems do not exceed 400 pounds in any 30 day period; and

3. The exemption is approved by the board.

A. For the purpose of these regulations and subsequent amendments or any orders issued by the board, the words or terms shall have the meanings given them in subsection C of this section.

B. As used in this article, all terms not defined here shall have the meanings given them in 9VAC5 Chapter 10 (9VAC5-10-10 et seq.), unless otherwise required by context.

C. Terms defined.

"Application area" means the area where the coating is applied by spraying, dipping or flow coating techniques.

"Carbon adsorption system" means a device containing activated carbon as the adsorbent material, an inlet and outlet for exhaust gases, and a system to regenerate the saturated adsorbent. The carbon adsorption system must provide for the proper disposal or reuse of all volatile organic compounds in the adsorbate.

"Coating applicator" means an apparatus used to apply a surface coating.

"Coating application system" means any operation or system where a surface coating of one type or function is applied, dried or cured and which is subject to the same emission standard. May include any equipment which applies, conveys, dries or cures a surface coating, including, but not limited to, spray booths, flow coaters, flashoff areas, air dryers, drying areas and ovens. It is not necessary for a coating application system to have an oven, flashoff area or drying area to be included in this definition.

"Flashoff area" means the space between the application area and the oven.

"Large appliance" means residential and commercial washers, dryers, ranges, refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, trash compactors, air conditioners and other similar metal products. Includes doors, cases, lids, panels and interior metal support parts.

"Oven" means a chamber within which heat is used to bake, cure, polymerize or dry a surface coating or any combination of those.

A. Prime or single coat application.

1. No owner or other person shall cause or permit the discharge into the atmosphere from a coating application system any volatile organic compound in excess of 2.8 pounds per gallon of coating excluding water, as delivered by the coating applicator.

2. Achievement of the emission standard in subsection A 1 of this section by use of methods in 9VAC5-40-3590 A will be acceptable to the board.

B. Topcoat or sound deadener application.

1. No owner or other person shall cause or permit the discharge into the atmosphere from any coating application system any volatile organic compound in excess of 2.8 pounds per gallon of coating, excluding water, as delivered by the coating applicator.

2. Achievement of the emission standard in subsection B 1 of this section by use of methods in 9VAC5-40-3590 B will be acceptable to the board.

C. This section shall not be applicable to the use of quick-drying lacquers for the repair of scratches and nicks that occur during assembly, provided that the volume of coating does not exceed two quarts in any eight-hour period.

D. No owner or other person shall use any coating application system or equipment unless reasonable precautions are taken to minimize the discharge of emissions from cleaning or purging operations. Reasonable precautions may include the following:

1. The use of capture or control devices or both;

2. The use of detergents, high pressure water, or other non-volatile cleaning methods;

3. The minimization of the quantity of volatile organic compounds used to clean lines of equipment; or

4. The adjustment of production schedules to minimize coating changes thereby reducing the need for frequent cleaning or purging of a system.

A. Prime or single coat application. The control technology should consist of one or more of the following:

1. Use of electrodeposited waterborne coatings.

2. Use of other waterborne coatings.

3. Use of high-solids coatings.

4. Use of powder coatings.

5. Carbon adsorption.

6. Incineration.

7. Any technology of equal or greater control efficiency when compared to the use of a coating complying with 9VAC5-40-3580 A 1, provided such technology is approved by the board.

B. Topcoat or sound deadener application. The control technology should consist of one or more of the following:

1. Use of waterborne coatings.

2. Use of high-solids coatings.

3. Use of powder coatings.

4. Carbon adsorption.

5. Incineration.

6. Any technology of equal or greater control efficiency when compared to the use of a coating complying with 9VAC5-40-3580 B 1, provided such technology is approved by the board.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Visible Emissions and Fugitive Dust/Emissions, Rule 4-1) apply.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Visible Emissions and Fugitive Dust/Emissions, Rule 4-1) apply.

The provisions of Article 2 (9VAC5-40-130 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Odor, Rule 4-2) apply.

The provisions of Article 3 (9VAC5-40-160 et seq.) of this chapter (Emission Standards for Toxic Pollutants, Rule 4-3) apply.

A. The provisions of 9VAC5-40-20 (Compliance) apply.

B. The emission standards in 9VAC5-40-3580 apply coating by coating or to the volume weighted average of coatings where the coatings are used on a single coating application system and the coatings are the same type or perform the same function. Such averaging shall not exceed 24 hours.

C. Compliance determinations for control technologies not based on compliant coatings (i.e., coating formulation alone) shall be based on the applicable standard in terms of pounds of volatile organic compounds per gallon solids or pounds of volatile organic compounds per gallon solids applied according to the applicable procedure in 9VAC5-20-121. Compliance may also be based on transfer efficiency greater than the board accepted baseline transfer efficiency if demonstrated by methods acceptable to the board according to the applicable procedure in 9VAC5-20-121.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-30 (Emission Testing) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-40 (Monitoring) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-50 (Notification, Records and Reporting) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-160 (Registration) apply.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-180 (Facility and Control Equipment Maintenance or Malfunction) apply.

A permit may be required prior to beginning any of the activities specified below and the provisions of 9VAC5 Chapter 50 (9VAC5-50-10 et seq.) and 9VAC5 Chapter 80 (9VAC5-80-10 et seq.) may apply. Owners contemplating such action should contact the appropriate regional office for guidance.

1. Construction of a facility.

2. Reconstruction (replacement of more than half) of a facility.

3. Modification (any physical change to equipment) of a facility.

4. Relocation of a facility.

5. Reactivation (restart-up) of a facility.